SELECT 
  cscart_product_sales.product_id, 
  amount AS sales_amount 
FROM 
  cscart_product_sales 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = cscart_product_sales.product_id 
  AND cscart_products_categories.category_id = cscart_product_sales.category_id 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_sales.product_id IN (
    150, 148, 149, 60, 170, 278, 5, 233, 23, 
    8
  ) 
  AND cscart_products_categories.link_type = 'M'

Query time 0.00058

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "18.64"
    },
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_sales",
          "access_type": "ALL",
          "possible_keys": [
            "PRIMARY",
            "pa"
          ],
          "rows_examined_per_scan": 17,
          "rows_produced_per_join": 10,
          "filtered": "64.71",
          "cost_info": {
            "read_cost": "3.24",
            "eval_cost": "2.20",
            "prefix_cost": "5.44",
            "data_read_per_join": "175"
          },
          "used_columns": [
            "category_id",
            "product_id",
            "amount"
          ],
          "attached_condition": "(`rajansecarter_15_june_mve`.`cscart_product_sales`.`product_id` in (150,148,149,60,170,278,5,233,23,8))"
        }
      },
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": [
            "PRIMARY",
            "link_type",
            "pt"
          ],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "used_key_parts": [
            "category_id",
            "product_id"
          ],
          "key_length": "6",
          "ref": [
            "rajansecarter_15_june_mve.cscart_product_sales.category_id",
            "rajansecarter_15_june_mve.cscart_product_sales.product_id"
          ],
          "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
          "rows_produced_per_join": 10,
          "filtered": "91.11",
          "cost_info": {
            "read_cost": "11.00",
            "eval_cost": "2.00",
            "prefix_cost": "18.64",
            "data_read_per_join": "160"
          },
          "used_columns": [
            "product_id",
            "category_id",
            "link_type"
          ],
          "attached_condition": "(`rajansecarter_15_june_mve`.`cscart_products_categories`.`link_type` = 'M')"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}